The philosophical treatment of causality extends over millennia. In the Western philosophical tradition, discussion stretches back at least to Aristotle, and the topic remains a staple in contemporary philosophy. Aristotle distinguished between accidental (cause preceding effect) and essential causality (one event seen in two ways). Aristotle's example of essential causality is a builder building a house. This single event can be analyzed into the builder building (cause) and the house being built (effect). Aristotle also had a theory that answered the question "why?" in four different ways: material cause, formal cause, efficient cause and final cause. These rules are known as "Aristotle's four causes".

Though cause and effect are typically related to events, candidates include objects, processes, properties, variables, facts, and states of affairs; characterizing the causal relationship can be the subject of much debate.

According to Sowa (2000), up until the twentieth century, three assumptions described by Max Born in 1949 were dominant in the definition of causality:

1. "Causality postulates that there are laws by which the occurrence of an entity B of a certain class depends on the occurrence of an entity A of another class, where the word entity means any physical object, phenomenon, situation, or event. A is called the cause, B the effect.
2. "Antecedence postulates that the cause must be prior to, or at least simultaneous with, the effect.
3. "Contiguity postulates that cause and effect must be in spatial contact or connected by a chain of intermediate things in contact." (Born, 1949, as cited in Sowa, 2000)

However, according to Sowa (2000), "relativity and quantum mechanics have forced physicists to abandon these assumptions as exact statements of what happens at the most fundamental levels, but they remain valid at the level of human experience."

In the case of a mis-attribution of a cause to an effect, the event is known as questionable cause.

Noun

cause (plural causes)

1. cause
   • 14 Century, Chaucer, General Prologue

     He knew the cause of everich maladye

     He knew the cause of every illness

---

Portuguese

Causality is the relationship between an event (the cause) and a second event (the effect), where the second event is understood as a consequence of the first. Though the causes and effects are typically related to changes or event, candidates include objects, processes, properties, variables, facts, and states of affairs; characterizing the causal relationship can be the subject of much debate. The philosophical treatment of causality extends over millennia. In the Western philosophical tradition, discussion stretches back at least to Aristotle, and the topic remains a staple in contemporary philosophy.

Sourced

(Download)
http://www.veterinarymedicine.us/cause/ http://www.veterinarymedicine.us ... http://www.veterinarymedicine.us/health/animal/veterinary_medicine/veterinarians/united_kingdom ...
www.veterinarymedicine.us/urllist.txt

---

	New Location:
city:
state/region:
country:

Health: Conditions and Diseases: Infectious ...
DBMD - Brucellosis - Factsheet with cause, transmission, prevention, symptoms, and treatment. HPA - Brucellosis - Factsheet with cause, symptoms, ...

---

Health: Conditions and Diseases: Infectious ...
Fifth Disease - Pateient information with cause, images, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. ... and description of the parvo B19 virus that causes the disease. ...

---